The Point Of View Of Communism, Marxism And Totalitarianism

ANIMAL FARM BY GEORGE ORWELL Review the novel with the point of view of communism, marxism and totalitarianism. Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell and the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. This novel is about the oppressors and the oppressed and about the different ideologies used by oppressors to manipulate the farm animals and making them do work for the benefits of the ruler. Although Orwell aims his novella at totalitarianism in all of its guises—communist, fascist, and capitalist. It may seem that the central importance that Orwell wants to bring out is†¦show more content†¦Jones from the farm, renaming it Animal Farm. They adopt the Seven Commandments of Animalism, the most important of which is, All animals are equal. When Major dies, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and consider it a duty to prepare for the Rebellion. The animals revolt and drive the drunken and irresponsible farmer Mr. Jones from the farm, renaming it Animal Farm. They adopt the Seven Commandments of Animalism, the most important of which is, All animals are equal. Communism is a form of totalitarian government. Most or all of the property is owned by the state and has a principle of sharing it by all. This theory is based on the readings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and it seeks the overthrow of noncommunist societies on behalf of the working or laboring class, usually as the result of a series of struggles of class conflict. A small group, theoretically the common people, would run the government. Animal farm can be related to communist manifesto by Marx as we can see there were probably two types of classes one was the labor class like-: Boxer and Clover, in particular, embody the aspects of the working class that facilitate the participation of the working class in revolution which can be also classified as proletariat and Mollie represents the self-centered bourgeoisie as she devotes herself to the most likely suppliers of luxuries and comfort. The Manifesto then discusses the relationship of theShow MoreRelatedA Marxist Approach Of Orwell s 1984 Essay7236 Words   |  29 PagesSoviet Union and Spain?s War of Independence. The mid-20th century was a time where the world seemed to constantly be on the brink of destruction. Between the World Wars, the rise of totalitarianism and fascism, society was not in the most stable position. While, most people blamed these issues on the rise of communism, Orwell takes a different approach as to why these apocalyptic events occurred. 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Tax-Exempt Status and Shortfall of the Budget of a Non-Profit Organiza Assignment

Essays on Tax-Exempt Status and Shortfall of the Budget of a Non-Profit Organization UNL Assignment The paper â€Å"Tax-Exempt Status and Shortfall of the Budget of a Non-Profit Organization UNL " is a  meaningful example of an assignment on finance accounting. The financial status of an organization, regardless of whether non-profit or not, acts as the basis for determining the success of the given subject in its operation. In this case, UNL being a non-profit organization is explored as an example to explore the implication of financial status within any organization. In order to run its operation, UNL requires to achieve a financial status that can meet the needs therein; otherwise, it is likely to go bankrupt. Consequently, this case also looks into the possibility of the company filing a bankruptcy and the consequences therein on the company’s operation. Most important of all is the UNL budget, which gives an overview of the company’s financial status.Question 1 As a non-profit organization, UNL enjoys tax-exempt status since it is an educational organization . This implies that their financial status is not affected by the tax.   However, there some legal concerns which are likely to affect their financial status, such as a case of paying for lobbying and unrelated business tax. In paying for lobbying, the organization will be regarded as trying to influence legislation because of the associated urge. As a result of this may end up jeopardizing their status of tax-exempt according to section A 501(c)(3). Further, by carrying out unrelated business activities, the organization will be a subject of corporate income taxes as provided by the federal corporate tax rules (Buchbinder, 2009). In which case, the company involves activities of generating profit but their nature is not in any way related to non-profit purposes. Even though the organization may still be tax-exempt, which contributes positively to their financial status, the above legal concerns make it liable for payment of tax.Question 2 The non-profit nature of UNL does not pro hibit it from filing bankruptcy. Even though it runs on lower budgets than profit-companies, the company can end up taking out debt with the aim of improving the quality or quantity of its services (Nalepka et al, 2012). In addition, UNL may also experience trouble with settling the arising bills. The inability to further meet its debts or bills will ultimately make it file for bankruptcy. In which case, bankruptcy refers to the status imposed by legislation on an individual or organization unable to repay its debts to creditors. It allows the organization, is the subject to discard or strategize on how to repay the debts. In the case of UNL, they can file for bankruptcy to discard or avoid paying some of the bills associated with the athletic department.Question 3 The budget of the company indicates a shortfall as shown with the presence of a   deficit. The budget shows that the company’s potential revenue is lagging behind its current expenditure. The costs have been on t he rise, especially on those expenditures associated with new building operations and the addition of technology (Fried et al, 2013). The best remedy for this situation is to embrace a process of making the current budget to balance through applying a budget cut. Consequently, a recommendation of a 10% reduction in allocation, especially on new buildings and technology, will serve well in solving the imbalance. This will assure the company of achieving a 10% cost reduction in its budget.Conclusion In conclusion, the non-profit nature of UNL does not exempt it from the implication of financial status in its operation. Its status allows it to enjoy tax-exempt status but involvement in paying for lobbying and unrelated business tax acts as legal concerns which may affect its financial status. Through these, the company is liable to corporate rules of paying income tax. Further, without administering well to its financial status the company may end up unable to settle its debts and bill s thereby making it bankrupt. To this course, they can file for bankruptcy to discard or avoid paying some of the debts and bills associated with the athletic department. From evaluating the budget, it shows that there is a deficit with the potential revenue being lower than the current expenditure. This calls for the need of the company to apply the 10% reduction in allocation in some of the areas to ensure the balance is achieved within the budget.

Succubus on Top CHAPTER 13 Free Essays

string(95) " You guys must need to get a little crazy too to handle all the stuff you’ve been doing\." Min, Doug’s saxophonist, rummaged through the array of liquor bottles on Wyatt’s counter. â€Å"I don’t think he has any,† he finally said. â€Å"Can you make a gimlet without lime juice?† â€Å"Um, no,† I replied. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus on Top CHAPTER 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"That kind of defeats the whole purpose. â€Å" â€Å"Oh. Okay. Well, then, you just want a shot or something?† He held up a bottle of – God help me – Skyy vodka. â€Å"I think I’ll pass.† I surveyed the humming, thumping party around me. Tons of people had showed up as usual; I doubted the band even knew half of them. The wages of fame, I guessed. Also as usual, there were drugs and drinks aplenty for those who wanted such things – as long as one’s vices didn’t stray to lime juice, apparently. I turned back to Min. â€Å"You seen Alec tonight?† â€Å"Nope. Said he’d be here. I hope he shows soon.† Min shifted restlessly, and I wondered just how many people Alec was stringing along. The whole band, after all, had displayed that crazy, uncaring behavior. I’d spent most of the day planning for tonight, trying to figure out what it would take to get information and possibly the drug itself from Alec. Finally, as the party drew nearer, I accepted that I was overthinking the matter. Alec was hardly a criminal mastermind. If I wanted something from him, it was a safe bet that the removal of clothing and an orifice would suffice. With that in mind, I’d dressed for the part in another little dress. Like the one I’d worn to the last concert, this too had a V-neck, straps, and short skirt. Unlike that one – which had been cotton and more like a sundress – this one was silk and looked kind of like a nightgown. Its rich, emerald green mirrored the green flecks in my eyes. I’d made sure of that, enhancing the color in both. â€Å"Finally,† I muttered to myself, catching sight of Alec’s blue-streaked hair across the crowd. He saw me, and I waved, making him grin smugly at my acknowledgment. â€Å"Hey,† he said, looking me over. â€Å"Wow.† â€Å"About time you showed,† berated Min, handing over a beer. They greeted each other with some kind of weird, shoulder-punching guy thing. Then Min held up a bottle of Tropical Soiree Key Lime Schnapps. â€Å"Hey, look what I found. Will this work?† â€Å"Sure. Whatever,† I said. I wanted to start working Alec, putting him at ease. If it involved some unholy drink concoction, then I’d have to take that risk. Min handed me a plastic cup filled with bright green liquid, and Alec and I wandered off to mingle. â€Å"You’re letting Min experiment on you?† he asked, pointing at the cup. Inspiration hit. â€Å"He’s been experimenting on me all night.† I laughed, a bit too loudly and held on to his arm. Alec didn’t need to know this was my first drink. â€Å"But none of the other stuff he made looked this bad.† He smiled and casually placed his arm around my waist. â€Å"Have I told you how great you look?† â€Å"Yeah, I kind of got the message,† I told him. Sniffing the cup, I detected nothing but sugar. Tentatively, I brought the cup to my lips and tasted. Bleh. It was like Kool-Aid and mouthwash. Fortunately, I don’t have much of a gag reflex, so I managed to swallow without choking. Alec flattered me a little more, and then I steered him toward the one topic guaranteed to captivate him: himself. It worked. Within a few minutes, I discovered that subject area was even more limited than I’d suspected. He only wanted to talk about the band. â€Å"So yeah, we figure we should start expanding out of Seattle and hit some of the other big cities in the area. You know, like Portland and Vancouver. If we can start getting a following in the Northwest, we can hit the rest of the west coast, you know? And Corey’s dad knows this guy who knows someone at a record company, and he’s going to send him the review that was in the SeattleTimes†¦ â€Å" I let him go on, nodding my head and saying â€Å"uh-huh† a lot. I should point out that I really was interested in Nocturnal Admission’s success. I believed in them and their talent. Just not tonight. Other things demanded my attention. â€Å"You know,† he suddenly said out of nowhere, â€Å"I didn’t think you really liked me.† Yeah. Good observation. I smiled. â€Å"Sorry about that. There are so many jerks out there that I come off a little bitchy at first, until I know a guy. But the rest of the band swears by you, and I trust them. Besides† – I leaned closer, lowering my voice to a sultry purr – â€Å"I know you now, and I definitely like you now.† To my astonishment, Alec broke away from me. How unexpected was that? Weirder still was that I saw interest in his eyes but only his eyes. The rest of him was plainly distressed about something. My surprise must have been reflected in my expression, because a moment later, he laughed like nothing had happened and returned the hand to my waist. â€Å"I wouldn’t really trust the guys on much, but hey, if they’ve convinced you, whatever.† I turned the smile back on, pretending I hadn’t noticed the weird reaction. We started talking again, and I continued to let him dictate the parameters of our conversation. When he brought up skateboarding and the benefits of one board brand over another, I decided Doug didn’t appreciate the extent of my love for him. Slightly bored, I leaned into Alec and drank from the cup without thinking about it. â€Å"Son of a bitch!† I swore, tasting that mess again. â€Å"What?† â€Å"This.† I set the cup down on a rickety coffee table, sloshing the green liquid. â€Å"It’s terrible.† I realized this was my opening. â€Å"God, I’ve had such a fucked-up week.† I turned so that I stood even closer, resting a hand on his back, sliding it down to his waist. â€Å"I’m glad you had this party. You guys must need to get a little crazy too to handle all the stuff you’ve been doing. You read "Succubus on Top CHAPTER 13" in category "Essay examples"† He seemed happy about my proximity but didn’t move his hand from my waist. â€Å"We know when to work, and we know when to play.† He spoke with a ridiculous swagger, again attempting to project a wisdom he was too young to have. I grinned at him. â€Å"I like to play too.† Like before, the look in his eyes said he did want to play – especially if we played doctor. But his body language didn’t match it. He was holding himself back for some reason, which didn’t fit with my image of him as a womanizing drug lord. But he kept smiling, even if the rest of him was stiff. â€Å"How do you like to play?† â€Å"Not with that.† I pointed at the jettisoned cup and looked back up at him with doe eyes, both innocent and provocative. I tried to recall the stupid expression he’d used at the first party. â€Å"You maybe got anything†¦harder?† A pleased and – unless I was mistaken – relieved smile danced on his face. â€Å"Maybe I do.† I punched him lightly, then snaked my arm around his neck. â€Å"I know you do. I saw you give it to Doug. You guys are in on something good, and you won’t share. Whereas me†¦well, I always share†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He still didn’t take the physical bait or go for my over-the-top vixen lines, but the rest had piqued his interest. â€Å"I’ve got something,† he said, glancing around carefully. â€Å"Let’s go talk in the bedroom. â€Å" Ah. Now we were getting somewhere. I followed him back to Wyatt’s small messy bedroom which miraculously wasn’t occupied yet. I sat on the unmade bed, crossing my legs, keeping my body language as open and relaxed as possible. â€Å"Are we going to play now?† He answered with a question of his own: â€Å"You sure you can handle the hard stuff?† I arched an eyebrow. â€Å"Baby, I can take it as hard as you can give it. â€Å" Reaching into his coat pocket, he sat down on the bed beside me and held up a tiny plastic bag, much smaller than the bag Reese kept his pot in. In the poor lighting, I could discern tiny glittering crystals. Almost like red sugar. â€Å"This,† he said in a low voice, â€Å"is what you’ve been waiting for your whole life. This is the stuff that’s going to change your world. Make you who you were born to be.† I was rendered speechless, but not from his melodramatic prologue. It was the crystals. This close to them, I†¦well, felt them. They had an aura, almost the same way an immortal has a signature. Only this wasn’t exactly a pleasant aura. The crystals felt strange to me. They sent little Shockwaves into the air. They made my skin crawl. And weirdest of all, I’d felt them before. Once with Doug, once with the band. I hoped Alec would interpret my frown as cute confusion. â€Å"What is that?† A sly smile spread over his face. â€Å"A magic potion, Georgina.† I smiled back, not having to feign puzzlement. â€Å"I don’t believe in magic.† â€Å"Oh, you will after this.† He pressed the bag into my palm, and I squelched a sharp cry. I didn’t like touching the crystals. â€Å"Go grab something to drink and put them in it. Mix it all up and then drink – preferably as fast as you can. You’ll get the effects sooner.† â€Å"What’ll they do?† â€Å"Something good. Something you’ll like.† He ran his hand through the strands of my hair. â€Å"Man, I can’t wait to see how you react to them.† How I reacted? I didn’t like the sound of that. Maybe I wasn’t getting the same thing as Doug after all. Maybe I was getting the date-rape drug. Of course, with as inviting as I was trying to be, he had to realize those kinds of extremes weren’t necessary. I pushed the unease out of my head. â€Å"What do I owe you for these?† The smoke in my voice clearly told him how I’d like him to extract payment. â€Å"Nothing. It’s a gift.† â€Å"Nothing?† I trailed my hand across his leg. Believe me, I really didn’t want to sleep with this guy, but I wanted to stay in his good graces to figure out what the hell this stuff was. And yeah, okay, I sort of wanted to see him suffer from the energy loss. â€Å"Are you sure?† I slid my body closer to his, gently pushing him back on the bed. His eyes widened as I lay down next to him, brushing my lips over his neck. Turning his face toward mine, I moved my lips closer to his, lightly kissing the area just by his mouth. â€Å"Are you really sure?† I asked, voice lower. His breathing grew heavy, and he stroked my side, tracing the shape of my hip and moving down to my bare leg. Looking half-terrified, he moistened his lips in anticipation. My tongue snaked up to them, dancing around their edges before gently probing inside. He stifled a moan and then pushed me aside. â€Å"No†¦I†¦no. No.† He sat up, shaking. â€Å"Not yet.† I sat up as well, moving in one fluid and graceful motion. Tossing my hair over one shoulder, I gave him a languid smile. â€Å"Come on, I want to.† â€Å"I can’t†¦but maybe, well maybe later we can work something out.† Both longing and reluctance showed in his expression, which I found relieving. Nice to know my charms were still working and he wasn’t all business after all. Maybe this was just a first-one’s-free type of deal, and he’d be more thorough in his demands later. Fine by me. It wasn’t the end of the world if I didn’t sleep with him, and hopefully we wouldn’t even need the second batch. â€Å"Here.† Having seized control of himself, Alec held out his beer to me. â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"Go ahead and try them. You can mix them in this.† I looked down at the sparkling red granules. They almost had a light of their own. That weird sensation pulsed out at me, grating my immortal senses. No way was I going to ingest the contents of this bag. I shook my head. â€Å"I can’t right now. I’ve got to go to another party. I promised a friend. I’ll try them later, okay?† He didn’t look happy about that. â€Å"I wanted you to try it now.† â€Å"What’s wrong with later?† â€Å"Nothing I guess†¦just, look, don’t let anyone else know, okay? I don’t have a lot of this stuff. If word gets out, everyone’ll want some. Right now I’m only letting special people try it.† â€Å"Am I special?† I teased. Alec gave me a long, searching look, blatantly studying my face and the way the silk fit me. Again, the appreciation and attraction shone in his eyes, but he held himself back from my smile of invitation. â€Å"Very special.† I managed to extract myself from the party shortly thereafter but not before Alec had warned me again to keep the crystals to myself. He also urged me to let him know how I liked them. â€Å"The second dose is even better,† he promised. Finally escaping, I breathed a sigh of relief, alone in the cool night air. As I walked to my car, I shoved the crystals into my purse, still creeped out by how they felt. They were supernatural; that much was obvious. I knew I had to get them to someone who could identify them. That, however, would have to wait a little longer since I was already past when I’d said I’d call Seth. Happily, I discovered I could no longer sense the packet once it was encased in the fabric. That was something, at least. â€Å"Where are you at?† I asked Seth when he answered his cell phone. â€Å"Terry and Andrea’s. You want to come over?† Spending the evening with his family sounded refreshingly ordinary after the sleaze and debauchery of Alec and that party. In fact, compared to everything else weird in my life at the moment, it sounded downright wonderful. Identical blonde faces greeted me at the door when I arrived, both sets of lips forming a perfect ‘o’ when they saw me. A moment later, Brandy appeared behind her little twin sisters. â€Å"Oh, Georgina, that dress is so pretty.† She pushed Morgan and McKenna out of the way, both still starstruck. I stepped inside the Mortensen home and found complete chaos. Sheets of clear plastic lay everywhere. Masking tape covered the wall trim. Most of the furniture had been pushed out of the living room, shoved into a pile in the hallway beyond. Those items remaining were wrapped in thick cocoons of more plastic sheeting. Paint buckets, trays, and brushes littered most of the free space, and everything – the people included – was splattered with yellow paint. â€Å"Georgina!† squealed eight-year old Kendall, tearing toward me. Her mother, walking into the room, leapt out and tackled her daughter. â€Å"Don’t touch her!† Andrea exclaimed, tumbling to the ground. â€Å"Not in that dress.† I laughed, wanting to sweep up each one of the girls in an enormous hug, the dress be damned. â€Å"Seth,† chastised Terry, standing on top of a ladder, â€Å"why didn’t you tell her this was a war zone?† The Mortensen Brothers always entertained me. Despite being younger, Terry always seemed exasperated by Seth’s scattered behavior and often had to prod him into reality. Seth sat cross-legged on the floor with Kayla, youngest of the Mortensen daughters, on his lap. Like everyone else, he had paint all over him – including his Writers Do It at Their Desks shirt. Looking as serene as a Buddhist monk, he flashed me one of his distracted smiles. â€Å"Because it’s always a war zone over here. â€Å" â€Å"Well, get her out of here and take her somewhere nice,† Terry said. â€Å"No need to drag her down into this.† This immediately triggered cries of outrage from the girls. â€Å"I don’t mind staying,† I told them. â€Å"I’d like to help.† Andrea rose from her tackle, one arm still around Kendall. â€Å"We’re going to have to cover you up then. Come on, let’s see if I’ve got anything that’ll fit.† She released Kendall. The little girl took a step toward me but didn’t touch anything. â€Å"You look like one of the ladies in the Victoria’s Secret catalog.† â€Å"My favorite reading material,† I told her solemnly. â€Å"Daddy’s too.† Her mother groaned and led me to her bedroom, forcing us to squeeze through the furniture packed hallway. Being in Terry and Andrea’s bedroom was a lot different than being in Dana’s. It was messier for one thing, with an unmade bed and piles of laundry on the floor. The color scheme and decorating were a lot less coordinated too, suggesting it had all been pieced together over the years, not preplanned with a designer’s cold eye. Pictures of the girls at various ages covered the walls and dressers, and free surfaces held odd pieces of jewelry, books, and change. And yet, despite that clutter, the whole room felt filled with love, like the people who occupied it were happy and cared about each other. It made the place warm and cozy, not sterile and sharp as Dana’s had been. It made me feel good to be in here, jealous that I had nothing like it with another person, and almost intrusive to be in such an intimate setting. It was like eavesdropping. â€Å"Ah, here we are,† murmured Andrea, rummaging through drawers. She handed me some clothes. I slipped out of the dress and tried them on. While she had a fantastic body for having birthed five daughters, Andrea was still taller and bigger than me, so the clothes hung loose and long. Changing her mind, she handed me denim overalls instead of the jeans. They had to be rolled up at the cuffs, but the straps kept them on me. I tied my hair in a ponytail and was ready to go. Seth laughed when he saw me. â€Å"Hey,† I said, poking him with my foot, â€Å"be nice.† â€Å"I think this is the first time I’ve ever seen you look anything less than†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused, playing with word choice. â€Å"Well-planned.† â€Å"Why, you silver-tongued romantic devil. That is the look I usually go for. Other women go for sexy or chic or beautiful. But me? Well-planned all the way.† â€Å"You know what I mean. Besides, unplanned isn’t a bad look for you. Not bad at all.† His voice sounded deliciously low and dangerous, and something ignited between us as we held each other’s eyes. â€Å"You guys can flirt on your own time,† said Terry briskly, handing me a roller and tray of paint. â€Å"Right now, you work for us. Think you can do this part of the wall?† â€Å"Sure.† I glanced over at Seth, whose main job still seemed to be restraining Kayla. â€Å"Why aren’t you painting?† â€Å"Because he isn’t allowed to,† answered Brandy, painting deftly around a doorway. â€Å"Uncle Seth’s a libation,† explained Kendall. â€Å"Liability,† corrected her mother. She grinned at me. â€Å"The odds say you have to be a better painter than him. Correction: the laws of the universe say you have to be.† â€Å"Of course she is. She’s good at everything.† Seth watched me apply a smooth, even coat. â€Å"See?† Painting with the Mortensens made for an utterly normal and utterly enjoyable evening. They were so funny and nice that it was hard not to love them. Working side by side, I could almost pretend I was really one of them. Like this could be my own family. They included me in everything and spoke as though Seth and I were a done deal, assuming I would be with them not only for Thanksgiving but also for Christmas and an assortment of other get-togethers. The simple, casually extended affection made me feel happy inside, and sad too. I would never be able to quite fit in with any mortal family, even if this wacky relationship with Seth did ever stabilize. I pushed aside a plastic-covered box and got a peek inside. Moving the sheet further, I smiled down at a framed picture of Terry and Andrea’s wedding party – including a much younger Seth. â€Å"Look at you,† I teased. â€Å"You used to shave.† He rubbed the stubble on his lower face. â€Å"I still shave.† â€Å"So this is the infamous occasion Seth almost missed?† â€Å"Yup,† said Terry, a rueful tone in his voice. â€Å"Apparently finishing A Talented Heat was more important than witnessing my nuptials.† â€Å"Oh,† I said neutrally, â€Å"that’s a really good one.† I wasn’t sure if it was missing-a-wedding good, but it was still one of my favorites. It might have been worth the sacrifice. â€Å"Who’s the other guy beside you?† â€Å"Our other brother. Ian.† â€Å"Another Mortensen? You guys are abundant.† â€Å"Tell me about it,† said Terry. â€Å"Ian’s the black sheep.† â€Å"I thought I was the black sheep,† said Seth, sounding almost hurt. â€Å"No. You’re the unfocused artistic one. I’m the responsible one. Ian’s the wild, hedonistic one.† â€Å"What’s hedonistic?† asked Kendall. Her father considered. â€Å"It means you run up a lot of credit card bills you can’t pay, change jobs a lot, and have a lot of†¦lady friends.† Brandy rolled her eyes. â€Å"Good euphemism, Dad.† Only in the Mortensen family, I decided delightedly, would a fourteen-year old use a word like â€Å"euphemism.† Andrea walked over to the portrait and admired her younger self. In the picture, she wore a long-sleeved lace dress that left her shoulders bare. â€Å"Ah, those were the days,† she sighed. â€Å"Back before pregnancy ruined my body.† â€Å"Well, that wasn’t entirely before pregnancy,† observed her husband in an undertone. She shot him a dangerous look. Brandy groaned. Seth tried to hide a smile and changed the subject. â€Å"That church had horrible carpet. Burgundy shag.† He shook his head. â€Å"I think I’m going to get married outdoors.† â€Å"Oh my God,† said Terry with mock horror, â€Å"I can’t believe you just acknowledged you might get married. I thought you were married to your writing.† â€Å"Hey, I’ve never had a problem with polygamy.† Kendall’s eyes widened. â€Å"What’s polygamy?† Later, when we’d finished the living room, Seth and I offered to start cleaning up while Terry and Andrea put the brood to bed. The girls resisted, clinging to Seth and me, wanting us to talk and come back tomorrow. â€Å"My nieces think you’re a rock star,† he observed as we washed brushes in the kitchen. â€Å"I think they like you better than me.† â€Å"I’m not the one they had to tear Kayla from. Hey, does she ever talk?† â€Å"Sometimes. Usually when there’s bait involved – like candy or small objects she might choke on.† We washed the brushes in silence until I brought up the topic that had been on my mind ever since he’d mentioned it. â€Å"An outdoor wedding, huh?† The notion of Seth getting married held a perverse fascination for me. Fascinating because I was female and attracted to such things. Perverse because I knew I wouldn’t be the bride at such an event. Succubus logistics obviously made that impossible. Then, of course, there was the fact that my mortal marriage had not gone so well. In addition to me cheating and pushing my husband into a debilitating depression, it had later resulted in me selling my soul and joining the ranks of hell. That didn’t make for a good matrimonial track record. Seth cut me a look, eyes amused. â€Å"Yup.† â€Å"I didn’t know guys ever thought about that kind of stuff.† â€Å"Sometimes we do.† â€Å"You got any other details worked out? Or just the outside lovefest part?† He pondered this as we returned to the living room. He wore the intense expression that seized him when he was trying to write a certain line or think of something clever to say. â€Å"I want a good buffet,† he said. â€Å"Not one of those cheap ones with cold cuts. And no bows on the chairs or anything like that. Man, I hate those.† â€Å"Wow. I guess you’ve got it all figured out.† I began pulling masking tape off the trim while he knelt down to gather more brushes. He continued on, still considering. â€Å"And I want my bride to wear open-toed shoes.† â€Å"Why open-toed?† He looked up with astonishment. â€Å"Because toes are sexy.† I looked down at my own bare feet. They were small and cute, each toenail painted a pale lavender. Andrea hadn’t had any shoes my size. I gave him a sly smile. â€Å"Like these toes?† He looked away and returned to his work. Forgetting my masking tape, I strolled over to him, trying not to laugh. â€Å"Why Seth Mortensen, do you have a fetish?† â€Å"It’s not a fetish,† he replied evenly. â€Å"Just an appreciation.† This time I did laugh. â€Å"Oh yeah?† I moved my foot out to tickle his arm, wiggling the toes. â€Å"You appreciate these toes?† â€Å"I appreciate everything about you – even how mean you are.† I crouched beside him and slung an arm around him. â€Å"To think, all this time I’ve been prancing around you in low-cut shirts and no underwear, in awe of your stalwart resistance, when really it was my toes – â€Å" â€Å"No underwear?† he interrupted. â€Å"Wait. Are you wearing any now?† â€Å"My lips are sealed. You’ll have to find out the old-fashioned way. I’m not going to talk. â€Å" â€Å"Oh,† he said in a warning voice, â€Å"we have ways of making you talk.† â€Å"Like what?† In one surprisingly quick motion, Seth sprang up and rolled me onto my back. One arm pinned me and the other held a paintbrush over me, wet with paint. â€Å"Hey!† I cried. â€Å"That’s not sexy. That’s not even cool.† Actually, being pinned to the floor by him was about as sexy as it got. He stabbed it toward me playfully, never actually making contact, but I flinched anyway. â€Å"What’s the problem?† he teased. â€Å"You can just shape-shift it away.† â€Å"Oh! You’re a twisted bastard.† His lips quirked into a wicked smile, and he dabbed the brush at my cheek, leaving a small streak of paint. A second later, he added a matching mark on the other cheek. â€Å"Ready for battle,† he declared. I yelped in dismay, then used his momentary satisfaction to break free and reverse the situation, rolling him over. Now I hovered on top of him, one hand on his chest, the other on his arm. â€Å"I’m learning more about you every day,† I observed, leaning my face toward his. My hair had come undone from its haphazard ponytail and now hung down, almost creating a curtain around him. â€Å"You’ve got a real dark side.† â€Å"Is that a problem?† â€Å"Actually I kind of like it.† I lowered my mouth and gave him what we had now dubbed a â€Å"stealth kiss† – the kind of semi-deep kiss perfected at the concert that just pushed the envelope of succubus absorption. I pulled up a moment later, my lips still tingling from where we’d touched. He shifted one hand to the small of my back while his other tangled itself up in my hair. A lazy and contented smile played on his face. â€Å"You want to go grab something to eat after this?† â€Å"What do you have in mind?† â€Å"Anything. So long as the company stays this good.† I smiled and leaned down to kiss him again, only this time I had trouble keeping the kiss as stealthy as it should have been. When I should have broken away, I kissed him a little harder instead, letting my tongue probe more boldly into his mouth. Surprisingly, what abruptly stopped this indiscretion was not the twinge of energy transfer, but Seth himself. â€Å"Thetis,† he warned, pushing me away – not harshly, but not gently either. I stared, my better judgment suddenly scrambled. I wanted to kiss him again. And again. To hell with the succubus thing. And it wasn’t just because of the chemistry or the physical roughhousing, the comments about my toes and lack of underwear. It was about everything tonight. Pretending I was part of his family. Talking about weddings that could never happen. I was suddenly overcome with emotion. Joy and delight over the way just being around him felt. Knowing he loved me for both my inner and outer selves. A warm contentment that his presence naturally brought on. And, of course, the dark emotions were there too. Anger that our relationship could never be complete. Despair that he was not immortal. Jealousy that I could never be his bride. What had Jerome said? That being with me denied Seth all the normal things in life? Kissing him was a base, anxious reaction to all these emotions I couldn’t otherwise deal with. â€Å"Thetis,† he repeated, studying my face and whatever crazy expression was on it. â€Å"Come on. You’re stronger than this.† He sounded sad and sympathetic, yet stern and parental too. His words snapped me out of my emotional vortex, suddenly making me feel, well, inadequate compared to him. Terry walked back into the living room, looking rightfully startled to see me on top of his brother. â€Å"Do you guys need to go to bed too?† Seth and I exchanged bitter, amused smiles. â€Å"If only,† I said. Once everything was cleaned up, Seth and I left to find a very late dinner. We stayed quiet, neither of us bringing up what had happened earlier. I think he knew I was taking it harder than he had and wanted to say something to cheer me up. But nothing apparently came to mind, so silence reigned until we returned to Terry’s house to get our respective cars. â€Å"Georgina,† he said suddenly, hesitantly, as we stood by my car. â€Å"I have to know something.† I looked at him wearily, not liking the seriousness in his voice. I really didn’t want to deal with any more weighty issues tonight. I sighed. â€Å"What?† He studied me a moment, apparently assessing my emotional state. â€Å"So†¦ areyou wearing any underwear now?† I blinked in astonishment, taken aback. Then I saw how hard he fought to keep a straight expression. It was too funny. Seth was trying to make me feel better, very much in a goofy way I might have attempted. The tight coil of frustration inside of me unwound. â€Å"Yes,† I told him with a smile. â€Å"Oh,† he said, looking relieved to see me relax but disappointed by the answer. â€Å"But you know what the real beauty of shape-shafting is?† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I’m not anymore.† How to cite Succubus on Top CHAPTER 13, Essay examples

Effective Business Communications of Johari Model †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Effective Business Communications of Johari Model. Answer: Introduction Diagnosis Reflection of Johari Model- The attempt to the questionnaire of Johari Model would assist in better understanding of relationships with self and others as the questionnaire has been created by psychologists. After attempting the questionnaire, the result of Solicits Feedback was found to be 40 and the score for willingness to self-disclose was found to be 30(Humanresourcefulness, 2017). The score was marked on the graph of solicit feedback and a vertical line was drawn downwards i.e. on 40. The score for willingness to self-disclose or giving feedback was also marked and a horizontal line was drawn from left to right i.e. 30. The result of the assessment proved that I am more rich and complex than what I supposed to be. However, certain unconscious aspects are revealed from time to time which are felt, read, heard or dreamt of, which reflects knowledge about the aspects which have never been known to me before. The Johari Window Model exemplifies improvement of self-awareness and mutual understanding between the individuals and a group. It assists in improving relationship of group with other groups also. The area of unknown arena involves information, feelings, abilities, experiences and aptitudes that are unknown to self while unknown to others in the group. In my professional experience, I have come through number of behavioral alterations due to lack of experience or self-belief. Self-discovery and observation by others can speedily uncover various processes through which, the information and knowledge can be revealed(Businessballs, 2017). Diagnosis Reflection of Communication Style Questionnaire- Through attempting this questionnaire, communication skills can be improved. It provides information related to self-speaking abilities and the type of words being used during communication, body language, tone of voice, and the situations and circumstances under which, alterations are found in communication style. In this process, persons who are considered as good communicator are required to be considered for comparison with self-listening and understanding styles. It would help in identifying the communication approaches and attitudes used by self, during communication(Dlapiperwin, 2017). The attempt of questionnaire reflects that I am an active and purposeful communicator as per the communication style questionnaire whereby, majority of As reflect active communicator, majority of Cs reflect Connector, number of Ts represent the quality of a theorist and maximum Ps reflect a person as a Purposeful Communicator. Attemptin g this test provided similar score in As and Ps which shows that I possess the ability to utilize combination of styles and I can communicate differently in different situations. The ability of these skills have been reflected number of times during my organizational performance when I feel myself actively communicating my views to other colleagues as well as taking their opinion also during in-depth discussion on various issues within the organization. Diagnosis Reflection of Assertiveness Questionnaire- The attempt of this questionnaire would measure the assertiveness which is essential for search related to educational opportunities and to struggle against peer pressure as well. It plays a significant role in determining effective interpersonal behavior in order to achieve academic success along with social development skills. It helps in measuring the proficiency of an individual even when it becomes difficult to express desires and opinion or even if it becomes difficult to respect the requirements and thoughts of other people. I attempted the questionnaire and rated myself on a 5-point Likert scale which enabled immediate reflection of the results. The scores were interpreted on grades basis being displayed on 100-point scale. I attempted the test that assisted me in identifying self-communication approaches and attitudes(Researchcollaboration, 2017). I obtained the score of 85% which shows that I obtained B grade. The score obtained by me shows that I possess the ability to stand by my friends but I do not feel comfortable responding back precisely at the time of argument. I feel hesitation in asking queries and become emotional during expression of feelings which I have experienced number of times during conflict in the organization. Diagnosis and reflection of Basic self-awareness Assessment- The assessment has allowed comparison of self-opinion with the evaluation conducted by others. After reviewing the feedback of others, I found that my basic sense about self-awareness is quite strong. I found myself self-confident and strongly aware about my moods and emotions. I have the ability to regulate my moods and have the ability to reduce its impact on others. I consider the opinion of others about me and can respond in a constructive manner without acting in a defensive manner. I am a helpful person as others also agreed to the fact because I have always helped my colleagues and juniors when they were facing issues related to their performance in organization but I do not understand their issues by self(Ctacny, 2017). My strongest attributes as a leader are that I can effectively lead teams and because of this ability, people follow me voluntarily. However, I have the ability to create networks of people with comm on and mutual interest but the effectiveness can be more developed and enhanced by developing the qualities of awareness about others. Diagnosis and reflection of listening questionnaire- The listening questionnaire provides implementation about the effectiveness of the listening skills in case an individual gets negative feedback about listening. It assists in identifying the strengths and weaknesses regarding listening skills because good listening skills includes active concentration and understanding the information received instead of passively hearing the speaker. I attempted the questionnaire in order to get informed about my listening skills. The ability to listen appropriately helps in building relationships of trust with others in the organization in order to enhance the influencing skills(Stellarleaderhip, 2017). After attempting the test, I found that my listening skills are quite good, however, I do not take notes to assist recall and unable to reflect the body language of speaker. I do not have the ability to reflect back the feelings to the speaker. Furthermore, I found that I am not usually used as t he sounding board by others in order to reflect their opinion to others. Thus, it can be concluded that I will have to improve my listening skills in order to be aware about the opinion of others. Communication issues that have been identified after performing tests and assessments were found to be the lack of listening skills and lack of assertiveness. Due to lagging behind in listening skills, I am unable to express myself in a self-assured and direct manner. Being collegiate, I find it must to improve my assertive skills and listening skills because it will affect my interpersonal behaviors so that I can achieve academic success and social skills development as well(Murphy, 2015). Two years before, I came to know that due to lack of assertive skills, I was unable to do better decision-making at the time of searching for better admission options in college. Moreover, due to lack of listening skills, I did not consider the suggestions provided to me by seniors and friends and faced a lot of trouble due to such weaknesses. In current organization, in which I am working I feel strongly to improve my skills in order to improve assertive and listening skills for further improveme nt of my organizational performance. Literature review: Assertive Skills Due to lack of assertive skills, it clearly gets reflected in behavioral mode such as aggression and submission. According to Garner (2012), Assertiveness is a major quality in establishing all the positive and productive relationships. As per the author, aggression can best be defined through a way of denying rights of others while submissiveness is also defined as a way of behaving that denies their individual rights. Non-assertion refers to the violation of personal rights by failing to express honest feelings, thoughts and beliefs. Assertive nature develops open nature, honest and vulnerably standing up for oneself. The individuals with assertive nature find win-win solutions to the conflict as they listen and understand others(Garner, 2012). As defined by Pipas Jaradar (2010), assertive communication is considered as the ability to speak and communicate in a manner that considers and respects the rights and opinions of other people while also standing up for personal rights, requirements and personal limits as well(Doyle, 2017). According to the author, assertive communication skills generate various opportunities for the purpose of open discussion and with all the requirements, choices and opinions that are required to be heard respectfully and considered in order to achieve a win-win solution to few of the problems. Development of assertive behavior can strengthen relationships, reduce stress from conflict and provide the individual possessing it with the social support while facing difficult situations(Mindtools, 2017). As per the authors, the concept of assertiveness was introduced by the experts in behavioral therapy as assertive behavior that plays a significant role in improving self-image(Skillsyouneed, 2017). T he behavioral component of assertiveness includes number of non-verbal elements such as voice tone, eye contact, stance, facial expressions, and its content. The authors suggested that in order to change the non-assertive behavior, there is a requirement of recognizing the problem i.e. to remember the situation where there was requirement to say but the individual held back and agreed to particular situation when the individual had not actually agreed. There are five steps to develop assertive behavior recommended by the authors( Rockhurst University, 2008). The first one is making reference to the factual descriptions of things that upsets instead of affixing labels and value judgments. The second one is not to exaggerate and judge but to describe; third one is to use I instead of you . The formula for success in assertive communication is to understand others behaviors which impacts ours and the last one is to allow a thing which impact the individual but is beneficial for others. Therefore, assertiveness is considered as a useful tool of communication and its application is appropriate for all the situations(Pipa? Jaradat, 2010). Listening Skills As per Tyagi (2013), listening skill is essential for the purpose of receiving messages effectively and is a combination of hearing and psychological involvement with the person who is speaking. It assists in establishing understanding between the two individuals who involve in this process and it requires high level of concentration and energy also(Skillsyouneed, 2017). The main purpose behind developing listening skills is to set aside own thoughts and opinions and to put oneself in the shoes of other in order to see their perception of others(Imaginesls, 2011). The author had discussed various aspects of listening i.e. its various modes, significance of listening and the ways to enhance learning skills as well. According to the author, certain listening mistakes are required to be avoided such as interrupting the speaker, in advance completing the sentences of the speakers, topping others story with own sounds demeaning which downgrades the story of the speaker and dominating the conversations. All these mistakes reflect lack of listening skills and are required to be improved on priority basis(Jacobs Coghlan, 2004). Effective listening habits enhance personal growth through developing effective communication, reduce misunderstandings, improve relationships and thus enhance personal growth(Tyagi, 2013). According to Rebeccal (1993), listening has been considered to be the most crucial skill of communication. However it is often ignored by international and second language teachers. As stated by Stephen Lucas (1998), listening involves paying close attention towards what is heard and making sense to it. According to Sullivan (2011), a survey was conducted on the employees of University of Southern Maine in order to identify the significance of leadership skills, effective listening, and to evaluate its implications in workplace particularly while dealing with number of people who are difficult to be handled(Thesis.Univ, 2017). The employees of the organization were asked their opinion about effective listening skills, its significance while dealing with difficult people and the roe of training in developing effective listening skills. The author conducted qualitative and quantitative survey and the result of data indicated that employees found the requirement of effective listening s kills as highly desired and stated that training would be beneficial for the purpose of enhancing listening skills among the employees. Several training programs and workshops were suggested in order to develop listening skills among the employees(Sullivan, 2011). Action Plan After the analysis and self-assessment with the assistance of five assessment models, I came to know my strengths and weaknesses regarding communication abilities within me(Javaneh, 2017). After attempting well-established assessments and performing tests, I realized there is lack of listening assertive skills within me. I have previously realized these weaknesses through my experiences also. Action Step What needs to be done? Responsible Person Who should take action to complete this step? Deadline When should this step be completed? Necessary Resources Requirements in order to achieve objectives Potential Challenges Challenges and how will they be overcome Result Successful completion of the steps Development of Assertive Skills Action required to be taken by the individuals only 6 months Value own rights, identification of needs ways to satisfy them, acknowledgement of people responsible for own behavior Short courses related to development of assertive skills Advanced post graduate communication courses at CQU Specific learning materials are available online that can also be utilized Availability of adequate financial resources facilities of courses Appropriate knowledge about the significance of assertive skills that have been developed Development of Listening Skills Action required to be taken by the individual only 6 months Development of listening habits in person, keep concentrating while someone is speaking Short-term courses for developing listening habits training programs Post-graduate communication courses will also help in developing listening skills Availability of adequate funds and the facilities of courses and training programs Successful achievement of listening skills and appropriate abilities to develop learning skills Conclusion The attempt of tests of five models provided knowledge about strengths and weaknesses of me. After performing assessments and tests, it was considered that despite effective leadership skills and abilities, I have lack of listening and assertive skills and abilities. These skills are required to be developed in order to enhance proficiency at organizational level. Thus, after considering various literatures and knowledge of proficient experts, I have made an action plan through which, I will be able to develop and enhance the skills related to listening and assertive aspects. It will enhance the qualities of assertive attitude and develop the listening abilities so that I might perform well at organizational level. Development of assertive behavior would clarify the interpersonal behavioral aspect and would develop social skills within me. The ability to listen will help in maintaining relationships and communication with others. It will help in developing relationship with the emplo yees of the organization and assertive skills will also add more to it. Through it, effective communication skills will also get enhanced which will help in maintaining the level of performance to a greater extent because effective communication is considered as a path towards success and at organizational level, it provides success at performance level and enhances reputation within the organization. As it is said that communication enhances and develops the way of performing and assist in achieving success. References Rockhurst University. (2008). Assertiveness Skills: A Guide to Positively Successful Communication. Rockhurst University. Businessballs. (2017). johari window. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from businessballs.com: https://www.businessballs.com/johariwindowmodel.htm Ctacny. (2017). Basic Self-Awareness Assessment. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from ctacny: https://www.ctacny.org/sites/default/files/trainings-pdf/self-awareness_assessment.pdf Dlapiperwin. (2017). Commuication Style Questionnaire. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from dlapiperwin: https://www.dlapiperwin.com/export/sites/win/downloads/Communication-Style-Questionnaire.pdf Doyle, A. (2017). Top 10 Communication Skills for Workplace Success. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from thebalance: https://www.thebalance.com/communication-skills-list-2063779 Garner, E. (2012). Assertiveness: Diagnosis and reflection of. Ventus Publishing. Humanresourcefulness. (2017). The Johari Window Model. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from humanresourcefulness: https://www.humanresourcefulness.net/CypressCollege/docs/HUSR224/Johari_Window_Questionnaire-package.pdf Imaginesls. (2011). Barriers to Effective Listening. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from imaginesls: https://imaginesls.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Active_Listening3.10.pdf Jacobs, c., Coghlan, D. (2004). The Role of Listening in Organizational Learning. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from ImaginationLab: https://www.imagilab.org/pdf/wp04/WP41.pdf Javaneh. (2017). Action Plan Template. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from javaneh: https://javaneh.net/plan-of-action-template/ Mindtools. (2017). Assertiveness. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from mindtools: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/Assertiveness.htm Murphy, M. (2015). Which Of These 4 Communication Styles Are You? Retrieved May 30, 2017, from forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/markmurphy/2015/08/06/which-of-these-4-communication-styles-are-you/2/#494c2a9854ea Pipa?, M. D., Jaradat, M. (2010). ASSERTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 12(2), 649-656. Researchcollaboration. (2017). Assertiveness Questionnaire. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from researchcollaboration: https://www.researchcollaboration.org/uploads/AssertivenessQuestionnaireInfo.pdf Skillsyouneed. (2017). Communication Skills. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from skillsyouneed: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/communication-skills.html Skillsyouneed. (2017). Planning and Organising Skills. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from skillsyouneed: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/lead/planning-organising-skills.html Stellarleaderhip. (2017). Am I a Good Listener? Retrieved May 30, 2017, from stellarleadership: https://www.stellarleadership.com/docs/Communication/assessment/Am%20I%20a%20Good%20Listener%20Questionnaire.pdf Sullivan, A. O. (2011). The Importance of Effective Listening Skills:Implications for the Workplace and Dealing with Difficult People. All Theses Dissertations, 1-79. Thesis.Univ. (2017). Chapter II: The listening Skill. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from thesis.univ: https://thesis.univ-biskra.dz/1696/11/chapterII.pdf Tyagi, B. (2013). Listening : An Important Skill and Its Various Aspects. The Criterion An International Journal in English(12), 1-8.

An inspector calls is a play by JB Priestley Essay Example

An inspector calls is a play by JB Priestley Essay Example An inspector calls is a play by JB Priestley Essay An inspector calls is a play by JB Priestley Essay Essay Topic: Literature An inspector calls is a play by JB Priestley. It is set in 1912 but was written in 1945, just months after the end of World War II. It was no coincidence however, that Priestley chose to write the play at this time, it was indeed his deliberate action to publish it at such a vulnerable time. England was currently undergoing a period of great social and political change. And as many people had been affected by the war and the nation in need of drastic renovation, most people were leaning towards the introduction of a more socialist government in hope that it would draw a finer line between the extremely wealthy and the poor. However, much of the middle and upper classes still remained faithful to the ideals of capitalism, whereas Priestley, himself coming from a modest background, also favoured the ideals of socialism, many of which are presented in the play. Priestleys political views had also been very much influenced by major incidents that had occurred throughout his life. Born in 1894, he would have himself been a witness to both world wars, which would have had a great impact on his social outlook. The depression of the 1930s would also have changed his views or shed new light on how he believed society should operate. After the Wall Street crash in 1929, millions of Americans were in desperate need of financial help from the government. However, the current government, under Herbert Hoover, disapproved of such involvement in its citizens lives. His capitalist ideal of rugged individualism encouraged the belief of every man for himself. Of course this had worked fine throughout the boom of the 1920s where people did not necessitate government aid, but now as people were starving and being evicted from their homes, rugged individualism was doomed for failure. However, when FDR Roosevelt was elected in 1929, major improvements were made within the space of a year. FDR believed in having a closer relationship with his people, he believed in everybody having more of a collective responsibility. Billions of dollars were spent on setting up major projects including numerous agencies which each dealt with separate areas of unemployment. These attempts to resuscitate America worked, unemployment fell steadily down and America gradually returned to more or less how it had been in the early 1920s. Having lived through such times would have caused Priestley to take mental note of such significant events, the depression would only have strengthened his belief in socialism and collective responsibility. The play therefore, was written primarily as a vehicle for Priestleys social comment, and as the election of 1945 was steadily approaching, he chose to publish it at this time in an attempt to influence peoples ideas. The novel was written in the form of a play in order to convey this political message to the desired audience. During the period that the play was written, the theatre was mostly frequented by the upper and middle classes, and so this would seemingly be the most direct way of putting such a message across. However, Priestley had to be very careful about how he went about this. If the audience realised that they were in fact being lectured, the play would not prove to be very popular and become unsuccessful in achieving its objective. Priestley therefore disguised his message in the form of a play about a middle class man and his family. The curtain opens on the dining room of a fairly large suburban house. This setting is constant throughout and is only altered in terms of light. The family is celebrating Sheilas engagement to Gerald, Mr Birlings daughter and business competitor. The lighting at first is soft and pink, and the furniture both cosy and typical of the period. This familiar atmosphere would instantly put the audience at ease with what they are seeing, it would have been a familiar scene with which most of the audience could relate and feel comfortable with. Priestley used this technique specifically as a way of putting the audiences guard down, in order for them to fully absorb the social message that arises later in the play. In other words, the audience is now more susceptible to Priestleys message. The first character we are presented with is Mr Birling, we are told in the opening stage directions that he is a rather portentous man, and indeed his speeches would seem to reflect that. He states very briefly how glad he is about the engagement and then moves on to a speech about how Sheila and Gerald are marrying at a time of steadily increasing prosperity. We soon begin to realise that Mr Birling is a very opinionated man, but also begin to wonder how worthwhile his opinions actually are: Youll hear some people say wars inevitable, and to that I say fiddlesticks! The Germans dont want war. Nobody wants war His speeches give us an impression of a pompous, dogmatic man who only seems to value his own opinion: The titanic she sails next week forty six thousand eight hundred tons -New York in five days and every luxury and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. Of course these quotes would be very ironic for the audience as they all know that both the sinking of the titanic and war did in fact occur; this is known as dramatic irony. Other statements also seem to suggest that Mr Birling simply sees the marriage as a way of becoming socially mobile: Your father and I have been business rivals for some time now though Crofts Limited are both older and bigger than Birling and Company and now youve brought us together, and perhaps we may look forward to the time when Crofts and Birlings are no longer competing, but working together, for lower costs and igher prices. Not only do Birlings speeches make us realise how arrogant and futile his opinions are, but they also reveal that he is in fact a staunch capitalist; he does try to justify his opinions but also entirely neglects the fact that not everybody has equal opportunities in life. He ignores the fact that not everybody can work hard to achieve to success, as not everybody has the privilege of an education or even a job to work hard in: Youd think that everybody had to look after everybody, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive community and all that nonsense. Priestley uses an interesting device in this quote, he actually paradoxes himself as a way of challenging the middle class values; the way some of these cranks talk these days He also mentions other authors prior to himself who had very similar values to him: We cant let these Bernard Shaws and HG Wellses do all the talking. We hard- headed practical businessmen must say something sometime. At this point, conveniently in the middle of one of Birlings capitalist speeches, an inspector intrudes on the evenings celebrations. The lights become harder and brighter at his entrance, as a way of signifying a powerful presence. However, this could also be criticised for making the audience feel uncomfortable with the inspectors presence, possibly making them more resistant or reluctant to accept his message. The inspector in the play is a powerful, or rather omniscient figure who is used as a vehicle to promote the authorial viewpoint. And although most of the audience will at present not be aware that they are in fact being openly criticised or challenged, some may have picked it up when Mr Birling, an obvious representation of the upper classes, was being ridiculed in his speeches. The Inspector arrives at the scene concerning the suicide of a young girl called Eva Smith; who died earlier that evening after drinking a large dose of strong disinfectant in an act of suicide. And although Mr Birling is reluctant to answer questions on such an occasion, the inspectors persistence and immunity to Birlings hints of his friendship to Chief Colonel Roberts force him to undergo an interview with the inspector. After questioning, it is revealed that Mr Birling did in fact know Eva Smith, she had been a worker at his factory before he fired her two years ago. When Birling is asked why, he admits that she was a good worker, but he was forced to sack her because she had had the audacity to ask for higher wages. He is at this point confronted by his own son, Eric, who thinks that his father was wrong for sacking Eva Smith simply because she had more charisma than the others; Why shouldnt she try for higher wages? We try for the highest possible prices You said yourself she was a good worker. What Priestley was trying to convey here, was his belief that the younger generation offered more optimism to the ideas of socialism, and that social views in society were beginning to change. This is further reinforced when we meet Sheila, Mr Birlings daughter. Mr Birling however, continues to completely deny any responsibility on Eva Smiths suicide, stating that he had sacked her nearly two years ago, and that he could therefore have nothing to do with the suicide whatsoever. The inspector however, seems to disagree: What happened to her then may have determined what happened to her afterwards, and what happened to her afterwards may have driven her to suicide. A chain of events. At this point Sheila enters, completely oblivious to the inspectors arrival. When told of her fathers actions however, she agrees with Eric and the inspector, and seems to sympathise greatly with the death of the poor girl: But these girls arent cheap labour, theyre people. Sheila gives the impression of a caring, compassionate young girl, but in retrospective irony, the audience will soon realise how improper her words are. After some persuasion from the inspector, Mr Birling allows his daughter to be questioned. The inspector had previously mentioned that after having been fired from Birling and Co. Eva Smith was out of work for two months, and having no parents or home to go back to, she lived in lodgings with the little money she had saved from working at the factory. It so happened however that she had a wonderful stroke of luck and found a job at Milwards, a popular and somewhat prestigious fashion store of the time. However, after about a couple of months, just as she felt that she was settling down nicely, they told her she had to go. It was admitted that it had nothing to do with how Eva was working, but that a customer had made a complaint and so she would have to leave. Upon hearing this Sheila becomes uneasy and asks what the girl looked like, the inspector moves nearer towards a light and shows her a photograph of Eva, at which Sheila gives a little cry and rushes out of the room. When later Sheila is confronted with her actions, amidst repentant pleas she admits that she complained to the manager of Milwards because she had been jealous of Eva: The dress suited her, she was the right type for it. She was a very pretty girl too and that didnt make it any better. When I tried the thing on I knew it was ll wrong, I caught sight of this girl smiling at Miss Francis as if to say, doesnt she look awful and I was absolutely furious. While Priestley still thought that the younger generation provided greater hope for the ideas of socialism, this shows how he felt anyone could fall victim to hypocrisy, and how it would be very easy, however sorry afterwards, for anyone born into such wealth to succumb to the uncontrollable flaws of human nature. The play at this point seems to be that of a straightforward, detective thriller. As each of the characters involvement with Eva Smith is eventually revealed, the structure of the play seems to evolve into one of a whodunit, as each person unravels a piece of Eva Smiths history. The next person to be confronted is Gerald Croft. When it is announced that Eva Smith later changed her name to Daisy Renton he is startled and it becomes quite obvious that he has heard that name before, however he remains silent while the inspector leaves the room. Sheila senses however that something is wrong and forces Gerald into confession. He, or rather Sheila, who unravels the situation herself, reveals that he was in fact having an affair with Daisy for almost six months. Gerald tries to persuade Sheila into keeping this information from the inspector, but in something of a fit of hysteria she points out that he already knows. The omniscient inspector, even through detailed questioning, has not actually discovered anything that he didnt already know. In fact he never actually directly accuses anyone, but somehow, in a somewhat intimidating manner and a disconcerting habit of looking hard at the person he addresses, he is driving them all into confession: Why you fool he knows. Of course he knows. And I hate to think how much he knows that we dont know yet. Youll see. Youll see. Gerald eventually admits his Affair with Daisy, but claims that his initial intentions were good. He explains that after having met her in a bar and discovering that she had no place to live, he offered her some money and temporary stay in an empty friends house. When the inspector asks him if she eventually became his mistress however, he admits: Yes. I suppose it was inevitable. She was young, pretty and warm-hearted and intensely grateful. The act ends when Gerald confesses his affair with Eva Smith to Sheila. Priestley does this deliberately to heighten the audiences suspense with this use of climaxes, always ensuring that they are left with a cliff-hanger at the end of each act. The audiences interest is sustained not only by the progressive revelation of each persons involvement with the suicide, but also the desire to find out who, primarily, was responsible for Eva Smiths death. After Geralds confession, the inspector turns to Mrs Birling. At first she too is extremely reluctant to answer any questions, and also denies recognising the photograph of Eva Smith. But the inspector, in his omniscience, makes Mrs Birling realise that there is no use in denying recognition. The inspector makes her admit that she did in fact know this girl, and that she had refused her help two weeks ago when she had pleaded to her. (She was at the time chair of the Brumley womens charity organisation. ) When asked why, Mrs Birling calmly and unemotionally claims that she did not believe the girls story, and that she also was instantly prejudiced against her as she had enough impudence to give herself the name Birling. It is also revealed that Daisy Renton was in fact pregnant, and even though Mrs Birling was perfectly aware of this, not only did she refuse her help, but she also saw to it that others refused it too. Furthermore she recounts that she couldnt believe the girls story because Daisy had mentioned refusing money from the father of the child as it was stolen, and admittingly, Mrs Birling states that she found this very hard to believe: As if a girl of that sort would refuse money. This comment would seem to insinuate that the working classes have no morals, and would jump at any opportunity, however drastic, for money. However harsh her actions may have been though, Mrs Birling continues to vehemently deny any responsibility for Daisy Rentons death. She has no trouble however, in shifting the blame onto her own husband: And remember before you start accusing me of anything again that it wasnt I who turned her out of her employment, which probably began it all. The inspector then asks Mrs Birling whom she really believes the chief culprit is in the whole ordeal. First, she mentions the girl herself, but when asked to specify, she claims that if Daisys story was true, and the father truly was an immature drunk, then he should be the one to accept the entire blame. Not only does she say that she believes he is the chief culprit, but also makes sure to mention him having to be dealt with very severely. And despite pleas from Sheila for her mother to stop, Mrs Birling says this quite calmly, perfectly unaware that this person is of course, her own son: Mother I begged and begged you to stop But surely I mean its ridiculous I dont believe it, I wont believe it. The curtain opens with Eric entering the room as the others simply stare at him. He seems genuinely distressed and his attitude to the accusations would seem to resemble Sheilas. Erics confession turns out to be the most shocking, as not only do we find out that he is the father of the child, but also that he is a heavy drinker and that he had to even resort to stealing money from his own father. He claims to have met Eva at a bar, where he started talking to her and then they both ended up drunk by the time they had to leave. He remembers little after that, but recounts meeting her again a fortnight later. Once again he drank, but moderately, and so this time remembers going back to her house and making love. After finding out that Daisy was pregnant however, Eric offered to marry her, but she refused, saying that he was speaking out of duty, not of love. Eric however, still felt inclined to give her money until she found a job, and insisted that she accept fifty pounds: And where did you get fifty pounds from? I got it from the office You mean you stole the money? It is at this point that the play reveals its second form that of a morality play. The inspectors final speech claims that while Arthur Birling may have started the whole ordeal, each and everybody in that room was responsible for Eva Smiths suicide. And while it is too late to save Eva, as he claims: There are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, hopes and fears, their suffering and chance, all intertwined with our lives And I tell you that the time will come soon when, if men will ot learn that lesson, then they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish. Priestleys last comment here would seem to be a reference to world war one, which occurred two years after the play was set. It is important to remember that while these are just characters in a fictional play, Priestley intended each one of them to represent a microcosm of society. Mr Birling is the rather selfish middle class businessman, but who is also seen as quite a laughable or pathetic figure whose opinions are not taken seriously by the audience. Mrs Birling represents the emotionally cold upper class woman who doesnt show the slightest bit of remorse for having turned away a pregnant woman for help, apart from when of-course she discovers shes had a part to play in the death of her own grand-son. Gerald is the young, carefree, well-off businessman who is primarily concerned with his having a good time. And finally, Eric and Sheila both represent the rather hypocritical but altogether more compassionate younger generation. Indeed, when it is eventually discovered that the inspector was not actually an inspector at all, and that no girl had actually committed suicide that day, Sheila and Eric are the only two who still show remorse for their actions: Everything we said had happened really had happened. If it didnt end tragically then thats lucky for us. But it might have done whoever that inspector was, it was anything but a joke. You began to learn something. And now youve stopped. Youre ready to go in the same old way. While Eric and Sheila are still aware of the consequences their actions may have led to, the rest of the family breathe a sigh of relief and talk rather amusedly about the supposed hoax. However, the play ends in a rather unpredictable fashion. Just as Mr Birling is laughing at Eric and Sheila for not being able to take a joke, the phone rings sharply, he answers it, and then turns round in a panic-stricken fashion at the others: That was the police. A girl has just died on her way to the infirmary after swallowing some disinfectant. And a police inspector is coming round to ask some questions As they stare guiltily and dumbfounded, the curtain falls By closing the play in such a way, Priestley has turned the ending itself into a dramatic device. The audience will now leave the theatre wondering what the ending actually meant. Was the inspector a realistic, straightforward police inspector? Was he a hoaxer? Or did he, in his omniscience, represent something supernatural? All these questions are deliberately left unanswered by Priestly so that the audience will leave thinking about the play, and then hopefully, about the message it conveyed.

Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay Essay Example

Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay Essay Example Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay Essay Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay Essay As a consequence of the 2011 public violences seen in the United Kingdom, Louise Casey ( 2012 ) was commissioned by the alliance authorities to compose a study entitled Listening to Troubled Families . This essay will review the study and see if authorities asceticism steps could impact in societal attention proviso and results for service users. It will discourse the narration of one household identified in the study whom require intercession and support in order to safeguard their kids ( Casey 2012 ) . It will give an lineation of the development and impact of statute law and policy counsel on societal work pattern for kids, households and carers. Furthermore it will see academic research and theories that inform societal work pattern when working with such households ; for case ; ecological theories, appraisal, life span theoretical accounts of development, professional power and fond regard theory. This essay will besides discourse the accomplishments necessary for modern-day so cietal work practicians to prosecute efficaciously with kids and households. It will reason that inter-professional, anti-oppressive, multi-professional and brooding pattern is paramount to successful results for households who require support from services. The term troubled households was foremost used by David Cameron ( Cameron, 2011 ) , and subsequently defined by the Department for Communities and Local Government ( DCLG ) as families holding serious jobs and helter-skelter personal histories. Cameron ( 2012 ) intends to guarantee those identified in the study as troubled 120,000 households, turn their lives around . These households are characterised as ; holding no grownup in employment, kids who do non go to school and household members partaking in anti-social behavior and condemnable activities. By cut downing costs and bettering results, the consequences based funding strategy purposes to alter service bringing for households ( Cameron, 2011 ) . Welshman ( 2012 ) , states that this policy docket is the latest Reconstruction of the underclass argument. Giddens ( 1973, cited in Haralambos and Holborn, 2002 ) claims that Britain has an lower class of people who are disadvantaged on the labor market because they lack makings an d accomplishments, and may confront favoritism, bias and marginalization in society. The New Labour Government ( 1997-2010 ) linked disorderly behaviour to job households and focussed on single lacks instead than an recognition of structural restraints, for case ; the effects of poorness on household relationships and parenting ( Hill and Wright, 2003 ; Gillies, 2005, in Parr, 2009 ) . New Labour implemented Family Intervention Projects ( FIP ) that were framed from the Respect Action Plan in 2006. This was criticized by a parental and household support administration Parentline Plus ( 2006 ) , as menaces of penalties to parents would impact negatively on households, and parents could be less willing to seek support before they reached crisis ( BBC News, 2006 ) . Enterprises like Signpost, provided intensive degrees of support and apprehension of multidimensional complexnesss, consisting of effectual intercession for kids and households within their communities ( Dillane et al 2001, cited in Parr, 2009 ) . Featherstone ( 2006 ) maintains this enterprise was within the context of the societal investing province, promoting investing in human capital as opposed to direct economic proviso provided by the province in the signifier of public assistance payments. Postle, ( 2002 cited in Parr, 2009 ) argues that Signpost intercession was societal work at its best leting so cietal workers clip for effectual communicating and partnership working instead than the policing of households. Levitas ( 2012 ) argued against research methodological analysis used in the Casey Report ( 2012 ) and of the thought of multi-disadvantaged households being the beginning of society s ailments. Levitas ( 2012 ) claims ; that the figure of 120,000 was founded on informations from a secondary analysis of a Children and Families Report ( 2004 ) . Literature suggests the figure of 120,000 households is underestimated, the figure of multi-disadvantaged households is significantly greater ( Levitas, 2012 ; Hern, 2012 ) . The initial 2004 survey found no grounds to bespeak that the households were problem shapers as proposed but did happen that they were households in problem. As a consequence of alterations in revenue enhancement, public assistance benefits, disbursement cuts and the go oning effects of the economic downswing ( Levitas, 2012 ) . Welshman ( 2012 ) advocates that history provides of import lessons for policymakers and turn toing both structural and behavioral causes of poorness is likely to be more effectual than numbering and specifying such households. He believes there is small cognition sing grounds for behaviors and calls for research for battling jobs that these households encounter. Casey ( 2012 ) has given an penetration by utilizing service users narrations and received positive responses from interviewees. However, her research does hold farther restrictions ; a little sample of 16 households, all of whom were at crisis point when they accepted working with the FIP ( Casey 2012 ) . Soloman ( 2012 ) claims that huge figure of vulnerable households are being left without any support. Casey ( 2012 ) made no mention to ethnicity and civilization of the households, hence giving no penetration into diverseness ( Clifford and Burke, 2009 ) . Bailey ( 2012 ) believes that the study breaches ethical criterion s for societal research, the households interviewed are participants in the FIP and hence had a power of countenance over them, therefore it may hold been hard for the households to worsen from the survey. No written information on the hazards of engagement was provided ; he besides suggests that ethical blessing was non applied for. Bailey, ( 2012 ) believes that there is a hazard of placing these households. Casey ( 2012 ) acknowledged that the information was non representative of 120,000 households but claims that it provides a sound footing for policy. Nevertheless, Bailey ( 2012 ) argues that there is no topographic point for unethical research in public policy devising. Comparative surveies were non conducted on households with similar economic and societal fortunes who are non described as troubled . Casey ( 2012 ) discussed intergenerational rhythms of maltreatment, force, intoxicant and drug abuse every bit good as worklessness being grounds for troubled households puting the unity on persons ( Levitas, 2012 ) . Kelly ( 2012 ) welcomes the Government s committedness to assistance households. He proposes that most parents on low incomes are good parents and believes that it is naif to blend unwellness, unequal lodging and poorness with substance abuse and offense. Kelly ( 2012 ) besides argues that many households involved with Family Action are socially stray, unseeable to back up services who struggle on low incomes instead than exposing anti-social behaviors. The instance surveies gave the parents position, nevertheless, the voice and sentiment of the kid was unheard. Ofsted ( 2010 ) found practicians concentrated excessively much on the dema nds of the parents and overlooked the deductions for the kid. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 12 declares, the positions of the kid must be respected, Article 3 provinces that the kid s best involvements must be a primary concern ( Unicef, 1992 ) . This essay will now discourse societal work pattern in relation to one of the households identified in Louise Casey s Report ( 2012 ) Chris and Julie ( appendix 1 ) . In the yesteryear, grownups like Chris and Julie who had larning disablements may hold been prevented from going parents, eugenic theories dominated, with the purpose to guarantee kids with similar disablements were non procreated ( Cleaver and Nicholson 2007 ) . However, in recent old ages attitudes are altering in favor of people with larning disablements giving them the same rights as other citizens sing gender and household life. An increased figure of people with larning troubles now have wider chances for independent life. Harmonizing to Haavik and Menninger ( 1981 cited in Booth and Booth, 1993, p 203 ) deinstitutionalization enabled many people with larning disablements to take part in their community. Duffy ( 2006, cited in Thompson et al 2008 ) , states that self-government is a nucleus rule in achieving citiz enship in western society. The displacement in sentiments and rules is apparent in authorities statute law and counsel therefore impacting on societal work pattern, for case ; Valuing Peoples: a new scheme for larning disablement for the twenty-first century ( 2001 ) , ( DoH 2001 ) and Valuing Peoples Now: The Delivery Plan ( 20102011 ) Making it go on for everyone gives counsel for all professionals back uping people with larning disablements populating in the community ( DoH 2011 ) . In relation to the instance scenario, Article 8 of The Human Rights Act 1998 ( .1 ) provides Chris and Julie with aˆÂ ¦ a right to esteem for private and household life, his place and correspondence ; nevertheless, any intervention with this right must be necessary and lawful with respect to public safety, national security, bar of public upsets and offense, or for the protection of rights and freedoms of others . Both Julie and Chris have a protected feature of disablement and hence under the Equality Act ( 2010 ) should be protected from direct and indirect favoritism from service suppliers. However, kids s rights are overriding and override those of their parents or carers ( DoH, 1998 ) . Access to larning disablement services in England was governed by Fair Access to Care Services ( FACS ) ( DoH, 2003 ) , until it was superseded by Puting Peoples First ( 2007 ) and highlighted the demand for a individualized Adult Social Care System ( DoH, 2007 ) . Emerson et Al ( 2005 ) found one in 15 grownups with larning disablements populating in England were parents and this research emphasised that about half of kids born to parents with learning disablements are at hazard from maltreatment and 20 five per cent no longer lived with their parents ( McGaw,2000 ) . Further research indicates that the bulk of services are as yet unequal in run intoing the demands of households with larning disablements ( McGaw 2000 ) . McInnis et Al ( 2011 ) likewise found complexnesss in finding eligibility for service users. They indicated that determinations sing eligibility are non merely determined by assessment consequences but by local authorities resources. They advocate equality and argue that alterations in appraisal tools are necessary when working with households with larning troubles. Chris and Julie reflect these findings as they merely received intercession when they faced troubles caring for their kids. The parental accomplishments theoretical account would be advantageous for practicians as it is designed to help the appraisal procedure when working with Chris and Julie. The theoretical account focuses on life accomplishments, familial history and entree to back up services. McGaw and Sturmey ( 1994 ) found that if troubles arise for parents in any of the three countries it Service users possibly uncooperative and loath to prosecute with services, possibly due to anxiousnesss and fright of effects. For illustration ; their kids being removed from their attention and their ain childhood experiences. Cultural consciousness and age appropriate intercessions are necessary to enable partnership working ( Egan, 2007 cited in Martin, 2010 ) . Horwath ( 2011 ) found that although some societal workers faced barriers to the Child-focused Assessment Framework, due to heavy work loads, clip limitations, public presentation marks and limited preparation chances. Others found that extra bureauc ratism gave them a security in their pattern. Smale, et Al. ( 1993 ) highlighted the undermentioned theoretical accounts of appraisal ; oppugning, procedural, and exchange theoretical account. The latter may be good when working in partnership with this household as the service users are viewed as experts and AIDSs their possible for working together towards ends. When working with households communicating can be complex ; effectual communicating would include active listening accomplishments, individual centred planning and intercession, besides avoiding the usage of professional jargon ( Anning et al, 2006 ) . The worker should be cognizant of non-verbal communicating and power instabilities in their working relationship ( DoH, DfES, 2007 ) . It may be advisable for this household to entree protagonism services to advance equality, societal inclusion and societal justness ( actionforadvocacy.org.uk, 2012 ) . Harmonizing to Yuill and Gibson ( 2011 ) , advocacy promotes anti-oppressive pattern. Horwath ( 2010 ) suggests positive relationships are built on trust. This echoes the individual centred rules of Rogers ( 1961, cited in Thompson et Al, 2008 ) enabling the practician to detect realistic emotional, bodily and behavioral responses from the kid and household, that are indispensable for effectual information assemblage for appraisals ( DoH 2006 ) . Martin ( 2010 ) argues in order to guarantee an apprehension of the service user narrative within a multi-professional context the practician should reflect and summarize and do accurate recordings. Information should be stored in conformity to the Data Protection Act, 1989 ( legislation.gov.uk ) and besides be shared efficaciously between multi-agencies and safeguarding sections ( Crippling, 2003 ) . Numerous kids have died from maltreatment and disregard in the United Kingdom ( Brandon et al, 2005 ) . In 2000, Victoria Climbie was subjected to inhuman treatment by her aunt and her spouse which resulted in her loss of life. Laming ( 2003 ) describes Victoria s decease as a gross failure of the system and inexcusable and recommended reforms ( 1.18 p.3 ) . In England, the authorities published the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( DoH et al 2000 ) and extra policy counsel came approximately in Every Child Matters: Change for Children ( 2003 ) that made all professionals accountable for safeguarding, kid development, concentrating on early intercession, joint sense of duty and information sharing with incorporate forepart line services and an accent on kids carry throughing their possible ( dcsf.gov.uk 2012 ) . The undermentioned twelvemonth the Children Act ( 2004 ) Section 11 ( DfES, 2005 ) gave clear counsel on multi-agency working and provinc es that safeguarding kids is everyone s concern. The Children Act 1989 ( DoH,1989 ) and the Children Act 2004 ( DoH,2004a ) presently underpin kid public assistance pattern in England. The former Act considers the construct of a child in demand ( subdivision 17 ) and accentuates the importance household support services who both promote the kid s public assistance and assist precaution and assist parents in their function. In add-on Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2010 ) gives extended counsel on collaborative working and defines functions and duties of professionals ( HM. Government 2010 ) . This counsel is soon being revised and reduced to relieve bureaucratism for professionals, nevertheless Mansuri ( 2012, cited in McGregor 2012 ) argues that the existent safeguarding concerns are unwieldy caseloads, plumping moral and cuts to back up staff and criticises the authorities for neglecting to confer with more practicians sing these alterations. An illustration for effectual working together that may profit the household in the instance scenario is Team around the Family ( TAF ) intercession. This encourages effectual, early designation of extra demand, it assesses strengths and is renewing in attack that provides the household chances for alteration and enhances multi-agency coaction ( cheshirewestandchester,2012 ) . Family mentoring services may besides be utile in this instance ( catch-22.2012 ) . Children s Services in England and Wales adhere to The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( DoH et al 2000 ) . The Assessment Framework provides an ecological attack of the kid s developmental demands, rearing capacity, household and environmental factors. This ecological attack was championed by Bronfenbrenner, ( 1979, cited Martin, 2010 ) found that by integrating the microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem benefited both practicians and service users by enabling wider societies influences of civilization and economic fortunes to be considered in appraisal ( Wilson et al, 2011 ) . This evidenced- based model purposes to guarantee that the kid s public assistance is both promoted and protected ( Cleaver et al, 2004 ) . This model provides a consistent method of collating and analyzing information, therefore giving practicians a more consistent apprehension of the kid s developmental demands, the capacity of their parents and the influence of the drawn-out household and other environmental factors that impact on the household ( DoH al, 2000 ) . However, Garrett ( 2003 ; Rose, 2002 in Crisp et Al, 2007 ) believe that the underpinning grounds for the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( 2000 ) is debatable. Howarth ( 2002 in Crisp et Al, 2007 ) suggests that attach toing specific counsel for kids from black and cultural minorities are less widely circulated than the model papers. Katz ( 1997, cited in Crisp et Al, 2007 ) accuses the model as being mechanistic checklists used by inexperient staff as informations aggregation tools and fring focal point on placing and run intoing the demands of kids ( Horwath, 2002 cited in Crisp et al 2007 ) . Similarly, Munro ( 2011 ) challenged all professionals to guarantee that our kid protection system is centred on the kid or immature individual, as she believes the system has lost its focal point on the kid s demands and experiences and has been excessively focused on regulations, time-frames in appraisal and processs. At present an initial appraisal is carried out 10 yearss from referral and a nucleus appraisal must be completed within 35 yearss of an Initial Assessment, and would be undertaken to originate kid protection enquires ( DoH et al, 2000 ) . Practitioners use duplicate trailing and prosecute other possibilities for the household ( scie-socialcareonline.org.uk ) . This may be ethically and emotionally hard for practicians ; they should guarantee supervising and adhere to their professional criterions of proficiency and moralss ( HCPC, 2012 ) . Munro ( 2011 ) urges the authorities to value professional expertness and revise statutory counsel on service intercession and bringing and calls for more focal point on understanding the implicit in issues that influenced professional pattern that resulted in Serious Case Reviews. Munro ( 2011 ) besides calls for reforming societal work preparation and arrangement proviso for pupils. The authorities accepted Munro s recommendations and alterations to the system will be implemented in 2012 ( DfE 2011 ) . Damien ( see appendix 1 ) meets the threshold standard for intercession under section17 ( 10 ) of The Children Act ( 1989 ) as his wellness or development may be significantly impaired without support services. At present he does non look to be at hazard of important injury, nevertheless a nucleus appraisal may be good in finding the appropriate support services ( HM Government, 2010 ) , examples include Youth Offending Teams ( YOT ) who deliver offense bar programmes ( youth-offending-team, 2012 ) , Particular Educational Needs Coordinators ( SENCO ) and larning wise mans provide support in educational scenes ( Good schools guide,2012 ) . It is critical throughout the appraisal procedure that practicians are non-judgmental and utilize brooding pattern and have an consciousness of transference and counter-transference to scatter any negative responses and feelings ( DoH, 2000 ; Wilson et Al, 2008 ) . The practician should pull on theories of human development through the lifetime every bit good as sociological, biological, psychological and psychosocial theories. For illustration ; biological theory would see familial influences, physical development and instinctual behavior whereas the sociological position would underscore the importance of societal factors ( Horwath, 2010 ) . It may be that the household are populating in poorness and had have non been in reception of full benefit entitlements or support services ; it would be advisable to reach relevant public assistance bureaus and seek professional aid for fiscal support to help this household ( family-action, 2012 ) . The Children Act ( 1989 ) states that for the bulk of kids their household is the most appropriate topographic point for them to populate. However, the local authorization has a responsibility of attention and Madison ( see appendix 1 ) demands to be accommodated under subdivision 20 of the Children Act ( 1989 ) , as she is a kid in demand ( subdivision 17 ) or a kid at hazard of important injury ( subdivision 47 ) . Chris and Julie have parental duty for their kids until they are adopted ( D of H, 1989 ; 2000 ; HM Government, 2010 ) . When measuring households the practician should hold an apprehension of theories that inform pattern. In relation to Erikson s ( 1982 ) theory of psychosocial phases of development, it could be suggested that Madison is in the 5th phase of development known as ; Identity and Repudiation versus Identity diffusion. This phase normally will happen between ages 12-18. Throughout adolescence kids are going more independent and developing a sense of ego. Madison could see confusion in this phase as she has spent clip in affinity and residential attention. Erikson ( 1982 ) believes with encouragement, support, and through personal geographic expedition striplings can go forth this phase with a strong individuality and way in life. If Madison fails to go through through this phase successfully she will be insecure about herself and her hereafter ( Erikson, 1982 cited in Wilson et al 2008 ) . Hamachek ( 1988 ) suggests this theory is equivocal in placing behavior of an person s psychological growing throughout different phases of development. Chris and Julie have had one kid adopted and have been unable to rear eight of their nine kids. During assessment practicians should hold an apprehension of attachment classs and associating behaviors ; it could be that some of Chris and Julies kids developed anxious-ambivalent fond regards. Role reversal may hold taken topographic point, therefore ensuing in the kids going angry about the undependability of the carer and perchance the ground for them exposing anti-social behaviors Ainsworth ( et al. , 1978 cited in Becket and Taylor, 2010 ) . Early fond regard theory was criticized for denying adult females equality in the workplace by connoting that the hazard of female parents go forthing their kids would be damaging to their kids s development ( Beckett and Taylor, 2010 ) . With respect to Julie and Chris, the local authorization could set about a pre-birth appraisal and multi-professional instance conference under ( subdivision 47 ) of the Children Act ( 1989 ) to measure parent ing capacity, household and environment, and their ability to prolong rearing to run into the kid s development and altering demands ( Department of Health 1989 ; Department of Health, 2010 ) . Specialist appraisal tools for parents with learning disablements would help the twosome in their apprehension and partnership planning ( McGaw, 2000 ; cited in Wallbridge, 2012 ) . Both Chris and Julie have completed a rearing class and this is positive as they had non done so antecedently ( Casey 2012 ) . Wallbridge ( 2012 ) claims successful support bundles offer intensive, uninterrupted preparation for parenting, for illustration group work and life accomplishments in the place, both parents experiencing valued are frequently positive accelerators of alteration. A recent authorities study ( 2012 ) nevertheless, identified the kid protection system as being reactive instead than proactive with respect to immature people accessing services. It warned that professionals gave the parents legion alterations to better their parenting accomplishments and kids were left to populate with inattentive parents ( publications.parliament.uk, 2012 ) This essay has critiqued the study Listening to Troubled Families by Louise Casey ( 2012 ) and found restrictions in the methodological analysis. It considered the demands of a household identified and critiqued the function and accomplishments of a societal worker in safeguarding. It has argued the importance of effectual multi-professional coaction, cognition of modern-day statute law, pattern and theories with respect to implementing partnership working to back up kids, households and carers. It besides identified external accounts ; poorness, isolation and late intercession can impact on these households. Munro ( 2011 ) urges the authorities to value professional opinions and alteration statutory counsel in order to assist safeguard kids. Bibliography Action for Advocacy ( 2012 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.actionforadvocacy.org.uk/ [ Accessed 25th October 2012 ] Anning, A. Cottrell, D. Frost, F. Green, J. Robinson, M ( 2006 ) Developing Multi-professional Teamwork for Integrated Children s Services. England. Open University Press. Bailey, N ( 2012 ) The Listening to Troubled Families study is an ethical failure. 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